Journal of the Korean Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.19, No.1, 17-26, February, 2008
온실가스 아산화질소(N2O) 저감기술 및 CDM 사업의 현황과 전망
Status and Trends of Emission Reduction Technologies and CDM Projects of Greenhouse Gas Nitrous Oxide
E-mail:
초록
기후변화협약에 이은 교토의정서가 발효되면서 온실가스 저감은 세계적인 당면 문제가 되어 있는 가운데 청정개발체제 (CDM) 및 공동이행(JI) 등을 통한 배출권 확보가 국가적인 경쟁이 되고 있다. 이산화탄소(CO2) 및 메탄가스(CH4)와 더불어 대표적인 온실가스의 하나인 N2O는 온난화효과가 CO2에 비해 310배에 이르며 120년의 분해기간이 소요될 만큼 대기 중에서 매우 안정하여 성층권에서 오존층을 파괴하는 물질로 알려져 있다. 또한 N2O는 분해하기가 쉽지 않아 고온 열분해 시키는 방법 외에 400 ℃ 이상에서 촉매에 의해 선택적으로 분해시키는 방법이 알려져 있으나 대개 NOx가 같이 존재하여 N2O 분해를 방해하는 역할을 한다. 본 보문은 국내외의 N2O 발생원에 대한 내역과 더불어 각종 온실가스 저감사업에 의한 배출권 거래현황과 탄소시장의 성장 및 N2O 저감사업의 위치, N2O 촉매 분해에 관한 기술개발의 현황과 방향, 그리고 CDM사업으로서의 전망 등을 분석 집약하였다.
With the effectuation of Kyoto Protocol on the United Nations Framework Convention on the Climate Change, the emission reduction of greenhouse gases became an urgent issue and has been competitively secured among countries as the form of certificates through clean development mechanism (CDM) or joint implementation (JI). Nitrous oxide (N2O) is one of the major greenhouse gases along with carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) having warming potential 310 times that of carbon dioxide and chemically very stable in the atmosphere to give a life time of more than 120 years so that it reaches to the stratosphere to act as an ozone depleting substance. N2O hardly decomposes and thus, besides to the adoption of thermal decomposition at high temperature, selective catalytic reduction methods are usually used at temperatures over 400℃ in which the presence of NOx acts as a major impeding material in the decomposition process. In this article, the sources of various N2O generation, catalytic reduction processes and the status and trends of emission trade with CDM projects for greenhouse gas reduction are summarized and discussed on a condensed basis.
- Dickinson RE, Cicerone RJ, Nature, 319, 109 (1986)
- Fenhann J, Technol. Forecasting Soc. Change, 63, 313 (2000)
- Scott MJ, Sands RD, Rosenberg NJ, Izaurralde RC, Global Environ. Change, 12, 105 (2002)
- Trogler WC, Coord. Chem. Rev., 187, 303 (1999)
- IPCC Report (1996)
- Capoor K, Ambrosi P, State and Trends of the Carbon Market 2007, World Bank
- Options to reduce nitrous oxide emissions (Final Report) AEA Technology Environmental, November (1998)
- An Investigation of Greenhous Gas Emission from Automobiles, Motor Vehicle Emission Research Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Research (2001)
- KEI. Report RE-06 (2002)
- Kapteijn F, Rodriguezmirasol J, Moulijn JA, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 9(1-4), 25 (1996)
- Dann TW, Schulz KH, Mann M, Collings M, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 6(1), 1 (1995)
- Tichit D, Medina F, Coq B, Dutartre R, Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 159(1-2), 241 (1997)
- Armor JN, Braymer TA, Farris TS, Li Y, Petrocelli FP, Weist EL, Kannan S, Swamy CS, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 7(3-4), 397 (1996)
- Kannan S, Appl. Clay Sci., 13, 347 (1998)
- Chang KS, Song H, Park YS, Woo JW, Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 273(1-2), 223 (2004)
- Yoshida M, Nobukawa T, Ito SI, Tomishige K, Kunimori K, J. Catal., 223(2), 454 (2004)
- Yamada K, Kondo S, Segawa K, Microporous Mesoporous Mater., 35, 227 (2000)
- Satsuma A, Maeshima H, Watanabe K, Suzuki K, Hattori T, Catal. Today, 63(2-4), 347 (2000)
- Nobukawa T, Yoshida M, Kameoka S, Ito S, Tomishige K, Kunimori K, J. Phys. Chem. B, 108(13), 4071 (2004)
- Perez-Ramirez J, Kapteijn F, Mul G, Moulijn JA, J. Catal., 208(1), 211 (2002)
- van den Brink RW, Booneveld S, Pels JR, Bakker DF, Verhaak MJFM, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 32(1-2), 73 (2001)
- Yamada K, Pophal C, Segawa K, Microporous Mesoporous Mater., 21, 549 (1998)
- Nobukawa T, Yoshida M, Okumura K, Tomishige K, Kunimori K, J. Catal., 229(2), 374 (2005)
- Angelidis TN, Tzitzios V, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 41(4), 357 (2003)
- Drago RS, Jurczyk K, Kob N, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 13(1), 69 (1997)
- Kannan S, Appl. Clay Sci., 13, 347 (1998)
- Kannan S, Swamy CS, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 3(2-3), 109 (1994)
- Principal Statistics of Resources and Energy, Ministry of Commerce Industry and Energy (2006)
- Chang KS, Lee HJ, Park YS, Woo JW, Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 309(1), 129 (2006)
- Delahay G, Mauvezin M, Guzman-Vargas A, Coq B, Catal. Commun., 3, 385 (2002)
- Boutarbouch MND, Cortes JMG, El Begrani MS, de Lecea CSM, Perez-Ramirez J, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 54(2), 115 (2004)
- Perez-Ramirez J, Kumar MS, Bruckner A, J. Catal., 223(1), 13 (2004)
- Angelidis TN, Tzitzios V, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 41(4), 357 (2003)
- Granger P, Delannoy L, Lecomte JJ, Dathy C, Praliaud H, Leclercq L, Leclercq G, J. Catal., 207(2), 202 (2002)
- Martinez-Arias A, Hungria AB, Fernandez-Garcia M, Iglesias-Juez A, Anderson JA, Conesa JC, J. Catal., 221(1), 85 (2004)
- Dandl H, Emig G, Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 168(2), 261 (1998)
- Moroz T, Razvoroineva L, Grigorieva T, Mazurov M, Appl. Clay Sci., 18, 29 (2001)
- Doi K, Wu YY, Takeda R, Matsunami A, Arai N, Tagawa T, Goto S, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 35(1), 43 (2001)
- Tanaka S, Yuzaki K, Ito S, Kameoka S, Kunimori K, J. Catal., 200(2), 203 (2001)
- Nobukawa T, Tanaka S, Ito S, Tomishige K, Kimio SK, Kunimori K, Catal. Lett., 83(1-2), 5 (2002)
- McCabe RW, Wong C, J. Catal., 121, 422 (1990)
- Cho BK, Shanks BH, General Motors Research Laboratories Research Report PC-421, March (1998)
- Li Y, Armor JN, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 1, L21 (1992)
- Tabata M, Hamada H, Kindaichi H, Sasaki Y, Ito T, Chem, Express, 7, 77 (1992)
- Chang YF, Mccarty JG, Wachsman ED, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 6(1), 21 (1995)
- Muramatsu H, Mascarenhas H, Andrade HMC, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 18(3-4), 223 (1998)
- Golodets GI, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 15, 200 (1995)
- Winter ERS, J. Catal., 34, 431 (1974)
- Zhang XK, Walters AB, Vannice MA, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 4(2-3), 237 (1994)