Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Vol.47, No.7, 2231-2237, 2008
Ammonia production via a two-step A1(2)O(3)/AlN thermochemical cycle. 3. influence of the carbon reducing agent and cyclability
The production of ammonia via a two-step cyclic process is considered, consisting of an endothermic carbothermic reduction of Al2O3 in a N-2 atmosphere to form AlN, followed by an exothermic steam hydrolysis of AlN to produce NH3 and re-form Al2O3. Four carbon sources, namely, wood charcoal, petroleum coke, carbon black, and activated carbon, were examined as reducing agents for the Al2O3-reduction step in. the range 1500-1700 degrees C by means of thermogravinietry and gas chromatography. Rate laws and Arrhenius kinetic parameters were determined by applying solid-solid and gas-solid kinetic models. The cyclability of the two-step process was studied by carrying out four subsequent cycles, yielding an increase in the reaction rate of the Al2O3-reduction step and in the ammonia yield of the AlN-hydrolysis step, attributed to the increasing specific surface area after each cycle.