Effect of urea concentration on microbial Ca precipitation

Mustafa Isık; Levent Altas; Samet Ozcan; Ismail Simsek; Osman Nuri Agdag; Ali Alas

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.18, No.6, 1908-1911, November, 2012

DOI10.1016/j.jiec.2012.05.002 Export Citation

Effect of urea concentration on microbial Ca precipitation

Mustafa Isık^†, Levent Altas, Samet Ozcan, Ismail Simsek, Osman Nuri Agdag¹, and Ali Alas²

Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
¹Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
²A.K. Education Faculty, Biology Department, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey

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High calcium concentrations are problematic, because they lead to clogging of pipelines, boilers and heat exchangers through scaling, or malfunctioning of aerobic and anaerobic reactors. Urea hydrolysis provides simultaneously a pH and CO2 increase, both of which are responsible of CaCO3 production. This study was carried out to determine urea concentrations between 5 and 20 mM on ureolytic mixed culture treating synthetic wastewater. The optimum urea concentration was found as 15 mM for effective calcium removal. This work showed the feasibility of urea-based microbial carbonate precipitation as an alternative Ca2+ removal technology.

Keywords:Urea;Calcification;Precipitation;Calcium;Wastewater

[References]

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Van Langerak EPA, Hamelers HVM, Lettinga G, Water Science and Technology., 36, 341 (1997)
Yu HQ, Tay JH, Fang HH, Water Research., 35, 1052 (2001)
Morizot A, Neville A, Hodgkiess T, Journal of Crystal Growth., 198/199, 738 (1999)
Van Langerak EPA, Gonzalez-Gil G, van Aelst A, van Lier JB, Hamelers HVM, Lettinga G, Water Research., 32, 1255 (1998)
Hammes F, Seka A, Van Hege K, Van de Wiele T, Vanderdeelen J, Siciliano SD, Verstraete W, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 78(6), 670 (2003)
Lloyd JR, Lovley DR, Current Opinion in Biotechnology., 12, 248 (2001)
Sawyer C, McCarty PL, Parkin G, Chemistry for Environmental Engineering and Science, McGraw-Hill, New York (2003)
Ehrlich HL, Geomicrobiology, Marcel Dekker, New York (2002)
Krumbein WE, Naturwissenschaften., 61, 167 (1974)
Mitchell R, Gu JD, Environmental Microbiology, Wiley-Blackwell, New Jersey (2010)
Stocks-Fischer S, Galinat JK, Bang SS, Soil Biology and Biochemistry., 31, 1563 (1999)
Fujita Y, Ferris EG, Lawson RD, Colwell FS, Smith RW, Geomicrobiology Journal., 17, 305 (2000)
Bang SS, Galinat JK, Ramakrishnan V, Enzyme Microb. Technol., 28(4-5), 404 (2001)
Hammes F, Seka A, Knijf S, Verstraete W, Water Research., 37, 699 (2003)
Is¸ ık M, Fresenius Environment Bulletin., 17, 197 (2008)
Isik M, Altas L, Kurmac Y, Ozcan S, Oruc O, J. Hazard. Mater., 182(1-3), 503 (2010)
Holakoo L, Nakhla G, Bassi AS, Yanful EK, Chemosphere., 66, 849 (2007)
Kim YH, Yeom SH, Ryu JY, Song BK, Process Biochemistry., 39, 1393 (2004)
APHA-AWWA-WEF, Standard Methods of Examination of Water and Wastewater, 21st ed., American Public Health Association, Washington, DC, USA (2005)
McConnaughey TA, Whelan FF, Earth Science Reviews., 42, 95 (1997)
Bachmeier KL, Williams AE, Warmington JR, Bang SS, Journal of Biotechnology., 93, 171 (2002)

[Referenced By]

[1] Habets LHA, Knelissen HJ, Water Science and Technology., 35, 41 (1997)

[2] Van Langerak EPA, Hamelers HVM, Lettinga G, Water Science and Technology., 36, 341 (1997)

[3] Yu HQ, Tay JH, Fang HH, Water Research., 35, 1052 (2001)

[4] Morizot A, Neville A, Hodgkiess T, Journal of Crystal Growth., 198/199, 738 (1999)

[5] Van Langerak EPA, Gonzalez-Gil G, van Aelst A, van Lier JB, Hamelers HVM, Lettinga G, Water Research., 32, 1255 (1998)

[6] Hammes F, Seka A, Van Hege K, Van de Wiele T, Vanderdeelen J, Siciliano SD, Verstraete W, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 78(6), 670 (2003)

[7] Lloyd JR, Lovley DR, Current Opinion in Biotechnology., 12, 248 (2001)

[8] Sawyer C, McCarty PL, Parkin G, Chemistry for Environmental Engineering and Science, McGraw-Hill, New York (2003)

[9] Ehrlich HL, Geomicrobiology, Marcel Dekker, New York (2002)

[10] Krumbein WE, Naturwissenschaften., 61, 167 (1974)

[11] Mitchell R, Gu JD, Environmental Microbiology, Wiley-Blackwell, New Jersey (2010)

[12] Stocks-Fischer S, Galinat JK, Bang SS, Soil Biology and Biochemistry., 31, 1563 (1999)

[13] Fujita Y, Ferris EG, Lawson RD, Colwell FS, Smith RW, Geomicrobiology Journal., 17, 305 (2000)

[14] Bang SS, Galinat JK, Ramakrishnan V, Enzyme Microb. Technol., 28(4-5), 404 (2001)

[15] Hammes F, Seka A, Knijf S, Verstraete W, Water Research., 37, 699 (2003)

[16] Is¸ ık M, Fresenius Environment Bulletin., 17, 197 (2008)

[17] Isik M, Altas L, Kurmac Y, Ozcan S, Oruc O, J. Hazard. Mater., 182(1-3), 503 (2010)

[18] Holakoo L, Nakhla G, Bassi AS, Yanful EK, Chemosphere., 66, 849 (2007)

[19] Kim YH, Yeom SH, Ryu JY, Song BK, Process Biochemistry., 39, 1393 (2004)

[20] APHA-AWWA-WEF, Standard Methods of Examination of Water and Wastewater, 21st ed., American Public Health Association, Washington, DC, USA (2005)

[21] McConnaughey TA, Whelan FF, Earth Science Reviews., 42, 95 (1997)

[22] Bachmeier KL, Williams AE, Warmington JR, Bang SS, Journal of Biotechnology., 93, 171 (2002)