Poly-beta-hydroxy butyric acid (PHB) accumulation and gaseous H-2 release are regarded as alternatives for expending reducing power. Some researchers suggested that quorum-sensing system affects PHB accumulation in Rhodobacter sphaeroides, but whether the system plays regulation role between hydrogen producing and PHB synthesis is still unknown. By adding autoinducer of R. sphaeroides into its culture solutions, measuring its total hydrogen production, PHB content and PHB synthase activity, the function of quorum-sensing on PHB accumulation and hydrogen production was preliminarily investigated. Compared with the control, the total gas productions in experimental groups increased accompanying slight decrease of PHB contents, which was partially caused by the reduction of PHB synthase activities. Biolog tests indicated the carbon source utilization profiles, especially those involving fatty acids and butanoate metabolism, had partly changed after exogenous signal molecules added. These results suggest that quorum-sensing is involved in signal regulation between PHB accumulation and hydrogen production in R. sphaeroides. Copyright (C) 2013, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.