Odd-shaped "Raisin-like" Particles Prepared by Non-aqueous Dispersion Polymerization

Lee KC; Winnik MA

Korea Polymer Journal, Vol.2, No.1, 47-53, April, 1994

Non-aqueous dispersion particles containing a cross-linked core and a polar shell were prepared by 3 stage dispersion polymerization in the presence of unsaturated poly(isobutylene) as a steric stabilizer. When a cross-linker was present in second-stage polymerization, the second-stage particles, and the subsequent third-stage particles, had a shrunken, raisin-like appearance with a narrow size distribution. The formation of raisin-like particles might be related to the interpenetrating network (IPN) structure in the PMMA seeds and phase separation within the particles in the presence of a cross-linker. The freeze-dried core-shell particles were easily redispersed in water containing amine base.

[References]

Barrett KEJ, Dispersion Polymerization in Organic Media, Wiley, New York, pp. 179-180 (1975)
Croucher MD, Winnik MA, An Introduction to Polymer Colloids, F. Candau and R.H. Ottewill, Eds., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands, pp. 35-72 (1990)
Paine AJ, Deslanders Y, Gerroir P, Henrissat B, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 138, 170 (1990)
Almog Y, Reich S, Levy M, Br.Polym. J., 14, 131 (1982)
Ober CK, Lok KP, Hair ML, J. Polym. Sci. C: Polym. Lett., 23, 103 (1985)
Lu YY, El-Aasser MS, Vanderhoff JW, J. Polym. Sci. B: Polym. Phys., 26, 1187 (1988)
Paine AJ, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 138, 157 (1990)
Shen S, Sudol ED, El-Aasser MS, J. Polym. Sci. A: Polym. Chem., 31, 1393 (1993)
Barret KEJ, Thmas HR, J. Polym. Sci. A: Polym. Chem., 7, 2621 (1969)
Osmond DWJ, Walbridge DJ, J. Polym. Sci. C: Polym. Lett., 30, 381 (1970)
Cairns RJR, Ottewill RH, Osmond DWJ, Wagstaff I, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 54, 45 (1976)
Dawkins JV, Taylor G, Polymer, 20, 599 (1979)
Antl L, Goodwin JN, Hill RD, Ottewill RH, Owens SM, Papworth S, Waters JW, Colloids Surf., 17, 67 (1986)
Dawkins JV, Shakir SA, Croucher TG, Eur. Polym. J., 23, 173 (1987)
Winnik MA, Lukas R, Chen WF, Furlong P, Croucher MD, Makromol. Chem. Macromol. Symp., 10-11, 483 (1987)
Willamson B, Lukas R, Winnik MA, Croucher MD, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 119, 559 (1987)
Vanderhoff JW, Future Directions in Polymer Colloids, M.S. El-Aasser and R.M. Fitch, Eds., NATO Ser. E, 138, pp. 23-45 (1987)
Backhouse AJ, J. Coat. Technol., 54(693), 83 (1982)
Backhouse AJ, U.S. Patent, 4,403,003, Sep. 6 (1983)
Smigol V, Svec G, Hosoya K, Wang Q, Frechet JMJ, Angew. Makromol. Chem., 195, 151 (1992)
Bayer E, Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit., 30, 113 (1991)
Bayer E, Albert K, Willisch H, Rapp W, Hemmasi B, Macromolecules, 23, 1947 (1990)
Singer JM, Future Directions in Polymer Colloids, M.S. El-Aasser and R.M. Fitch, Eds, NATO Ser. E. 138, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands, pp. 371-388 (1987)
Kreuz KL, Lubrication, 55(6), 53 (1969)
Okubo M, Katsuta Y, Matsmoto T, J. Polym. Sci. C: Polym. Lett., 20, 45 (1982)
Cho I, Lee KW, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 30, 1903 (1985)
Skjeltorp AT, Ugelstad J, Ellingsen T, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 113, 577 (1986)
Lee DI, Kawamura T, Stevens EF, Future Directions in Polymer Colloids, M.S. El-Aasser and R.M. Fitch, Eds., NATO ASI Ser. E, 138, pp. 47-63 (1987)
Sheu HR, El-Aasser MS, Vanderhoff JW, J. Polym. Sci. A: Polym. Chem., 28, 653 (1990)
Shiozaki M, Tokuno T, International Symposium on Poymeric Microsphere, Fukui, Japan, pp. 277-278 (1991)
Pekcan O, Winnik MA, Croucher MD, J. Polym. Sci. C: Polym. Lett., 21, 1011 (1983)
Tseng CM, Lu YY, El-Aasser MS, Vanderhoff JW, J. Polym. Sci. A: Polym. Chem., 24, 2995 (1986)
Williamson BJ, M.S. Thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto (1984)
Disanayaka B, Winnik MA, Croucher MD, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 136, 552 (1990)
Williamson BJ, Lukas R, Winnik MA, Croucher MD, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 119, 559 (1987)
Bueche F, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 41, 374 (1972)
Lee KC, Winnik MA, to be published
Fitch RM, Kamath YK, J. Ind. Chem. Soc., 49, 1209 (1972)
Winnik MA, Croucher MD, Future Directions in Polymer Colloids, M.S. El-Aasser and R.M. Fitch, Eds., NATO ASI Ser. E, 138, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands, pp. 277-288 (1987)

[Referenced By]

[1] Barrett KEJ, Dispersion Polymerization in Organic Media, Wiley, New York, pp. 179-180 (1975)

[2] Croucher MD, Winnik MA, An Introduction to Polymer Colloids, F. Candau and R.H. Ottewill, Eds., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands, pp. 35-72 (1990)

[3] Paine AJ, Deslanders Y, Gerroir P, Henrissat B, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 138, 170 (1990)

[4] Almog Y, Reich S, Levy M, Br.Polym. J., 14, 131 (1982)

[5] Ober CK, Lok KP, Hair ML, J. Polym. Sci. C: Polym. Lett., 23, 103 (1985)

[6] Lu YY, El-Aasser MS, Vanderhoff JW, J. Polym. Sci. B: Polym. Phys., 26, 1187 (1988)

[7] Paine AJ, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 138, 157 (1990)

[8] Shen S, Sudol ED, El-Aasser MS, J. Polym. Sci. A: Polym. Chem., 31, 1393 (1993)

[9] Barret KEJ, Thmas HR, J. Polym. Sci. A: Polym. Chem., 7, 2621 (1969)

[10] Osmond DWJ, Walbridge DJ, J. Polym. Sci. C: Polym. Lett., 30, 381 (1970)

[11] Cairns RJR, Ottewill RH, Osmond DWJ, Wagstaff I, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 54, 45 (1976)

[12] Dawkins JV, Taylor G, Polymer, 20, 599 (1979)

[13] Antl L, Goodwin JN, Hill RD, Ottewill RH, Owens SM, Papworth S, Waters JW, Colloids Surf., 17, 67 (1986)

[14] Dawkins JV, Shakir SA, Croucher TG, Eur. Polym. J., 23, 173 (1987)

[15] Winnik MA, Lukas R, Chen WF, Furlong P, Croucher MD, Makromol. Chem. Macromol. Symp., 10-11, 483 (1987)

[16] Willamson B, Lukas R, Winnik MA, Croucher MD, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 119, 559 (1987)

[17] Vanderhoff JW, Future Directions in Polymer Colloids, M.S. El-Aasser and R.M. Fitch, Eds., NATO Ser. E, 138, pp. 23-45 (1987)

[18] Backhouse AJ, J. Coat. Technol., 54(693), 83 (1982)

[19] Backhouse AJ, U.S. Patent, 4,403,003, Sep. 6 (1983)

[20] Smigol V, Svec G, Hosoya K, Wang Q, Frechet JMJ, Angew. Makromol. Chem., 195, 151 (1992)

[21] Bayer E, Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit., 30, 113 (1991)

[22] Bayer E, Albert K, Willisch H, Rapp W, Hemmasi B, Macromolecules, 23, 1947 (1990)

[23] Singer JM, Future Directions in Polymer Colloids, M.S. El-Aasser and R.M. Fitch, Eds, NATO Ser. E. 138, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands, pp. 371-388 (1987)

[24] Kreuz KL, Lubrication, 55(6), 53 (1969)

[25] Okubo M, Katsuta Y, Matsmoto T, J. Polym. Sci. C: Polym. Lett., 20, 45 (1982)

[26] Cho I, Lee KW, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 30, 1903 (1985)

[27] Skjeltorp AT, Ugelstad J, Ellingsen T, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 113, 577 (1986)

[28] Lee DI, Kawamura T, Stevens EF, Future Directions in Polymer Colloids, M.S. El-Aasser and R.M. Fitch, Eds., NATO ASI Ser. E, 138, pp. 47-63 (1987)

[29] Sheu HR, El-Aasser MS, Vanderhoff JW, J. Polym. Sci. A: Polym. Chem., 28, 653 (1990)

[30] Shiozaki M, Tokuno T, International Symposium on Poymeric Microsphere, Fukui, Japan, pp. 277-278 (1991)

[31] Pekcan O, Winnik MA, Croucher MD, J. Polym. Sci. C: Polym. Lett., 21, 1011 (1983)

[32] Tseng CM, Lu YY, El-Aasser MS, Vanderhoff JW, J. Polym. Sci. A: Polym. Chem., 24, 2995 (1986)

[33] Williamson BJ, M.S. Thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto (1984)

[34] Disanayaka B, Winnik MA, Croucher MD, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 136, 552 (1990)

[35] Williamson BJ, Lukas R, Winnik MA, Croucher MD, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 119, 559 (1987)

[36] Bueche F, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 41, 374 (1972)

[37] Lee KC, Winnik MA, to be published

[38] Fitch RM, Kamath YK, J. Ind. Chem. Soc., 49, 1209 (1972)

[39] Winnik MA, Croucher MD, Future Directions in Polymer Colloids, M.S. El-Aasser and R.M. Fitch, Eds., NATO ASI Ser. E, 138, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands, pp. 277-288 (1987)