열전달 해석을 이용한 VAR 공정 변수가 티타늄 합금 잉고트 응고 조직에 미치는 영향 연구

김종환; 이재현; 허성강; 현용택; 이용태; Jong-Hwan Kim; Je-Hyun Lee; Sung-Gang Hur; Yong-Taek Hyun; Yong-Tae Lee

Korean Journal of Materials Research, Vol.12, No.5, 398-406, May, 2002

DOI10.3740/MRSK.2002.12.5.398 Export Citation

열전달 해석을 이용한 VAR 공정 변수가 티타늄 합금 잉고트 응고 조직에 미치는 영향 연구

The Effects of VAR Processing Parameters on solidification Microstructures in Ti Alloys by Computer Simulation

김종환^†, 이재현 , 허성강, 현용택¹, 이용태¹

창원대학교 금속재료공학과
¹한국기계연구원 재료공정연구부

Jong-Hwan Kim^†, Je-Hyun Lee , Sung-Gang Hur, Yong-Taek Hyun¹, and Yong-Tae Lee¹

Dept. of Materials Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, Korea
¹Materials Technology Department, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Changwon Korea

E-mail:

VAR process is required to control its various operating parameters. Heat transfer simulation has been accomplished to understand development of solidification micro and macro-structures during VAR process in Ti alloys. Optimum VAR process parameters could be also estimated in this study. It was found that macro-structures were closely related to the shape and depth of liquid pool, and solidification parameters, such as temperature gradient, heat flux, solid fraction. The cooling rates were higher at bottom, top, and center part respectively. As cooling rates increased, the α phase decreased in length, width and fraction. In order to evaluate which parameter affects the result of heat transfer calculation most sensitively, the sensitivities of input parameters to the simulation result were examined. The pool depth and cooling rate showed more sensitive to the temperature of the molten metal, heat transfer coefficient, and liquidus respectively. Also, these thermal properties became more sensitive at higher temperatures.

Keywords:Ti alloy;ingot;macro-structure;cooling rate;sensitivity;heat transfer coefficient;thermal physical properties

[References]

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Yamada M, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 123, 8 (1996)
Sherman AM, Allison JE : SAE Int. Cong, and Expo., Warrendale, PA : SAE (1986) (1986)
Reed DS, Jones ML, Trans. AFS, 99, 697 (1991)
Bomberger HB, Froes FH, J. Metals, 12, 39 (1984)
Jardy A, Hans S, Ablitzer D, 'On the numerical prediction of coupled transfer and solidification process during vacuum consumable arc remelting of titanium alloy'. The Minerals. Meta & Materials Society, p. 205 (1995) (1995)
Hans S, 'Modeling of the Coupled Heat, Solute and Momentum Transfers During Vacuum Arc Remelting (VAR)-Application to Titanium Alloy', Ph. D. thesis, Nancy, France (1995) (1995)
Prakash C, Voller V, Numerical Heat Transfer B, p. 171,15 (1989) (1989)
Mitchell A, Mitchell D, Tripp D, Proc. of 8th Conference on Vacuum Metallurgy, Linz, p. 1269 (1985) (1985)
Jardy A, Falk L, Ablitzer D, Iron and Steelmaking, 19(3), 226 (1992)
Grandemange D, Combres Y, Champin B, Jardy A, Hans S, Ablitzer D : An Application to the 'Wafer' Practice, Vacuum Metallurgy Division, American Vacuum Society, p.204 (1997) (1997)
Cezairliyan A, McClure JL, Miiller AP, Int. J. Thermophysics, 15(5), 993 (1994)
Cezairliyan A, McClure JL, Tayor R, 27B, No. 2 and 3, 251-256 (1977) (1977)
Grandemange D, Combres Y, Champin B, Jardy A, Hans S, Ablitzer D : An Application to the 'Wafer' Practice, Vacuum Metallurgy Division', American Vacuum Society, p.204 (1997) (1997)
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Williamson RL, 'Low Current VAR Experiments At INCO Alloys, Huntington, West Virginia,' Report to the Specialty Metals Processing Consortium, Sandia National Laboratories internal publication, Albuquerque, New Mexico (1992) (1992)
Cezairliyan A, McClure JL, Miller AP, Int, J. Thermophysics, 15(5), 993 (1994)
Cezairliyan A, McClure JL, Taylor R, J. Research of the National Bureau of Standards-A. Phy-sis and Chemistry, 81A(2-3), 251 (1977)
Li G, Thomas BG, Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 27B, 509 (1996)
Materials Properties Handbook: Titanium Alloys, ASM International (1994) (1994)
McClure JL, Cezairliyan A, Int. J. Thermophysics, 13(1), 75 (1992)
Mueller BA, private communication, Howmet International, Inc., Whitehall, MI, (1996) (1996)
Zhang F, Chang YA, Chou JS, Proceedings of the 1997 Int. Symp. on Liquid Metal Processing and Casting, A. Mitchell and P. Auburtin, eds., Vacuum Metallurgy Division, American Vacuum Society, Santa Fe, NM, 35-59 (1997) (1997)

[Related Articles]

[1] Blenkinsop PA : Proc. of the 5th Int. Conf. on Titanium, Munnich, West Germany (1984) (1984)

[2] Yamada M, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 123, 8 (1996)

[3] Sherman AM, Allison JE : SAE Int. Cong, and Expo., Warrendale, PA : SAE (1986) (1986)

[4] Reed DS, Jones ML, Trans. AFS, 99, 697 (1991)

[5] Bomberger HB, Froes FH, J. Metals, 12, 39 (1984)

[6] Jardy A, Hans S, Ablitzer D, 'On the numerical prediction of coupled transfer and solidification process during vacuum consumable arc remelting of titanium alloy'. The Minerals. Meta & Materials Society, p. 205 (1995) (1995)

[7] Hans S, 'Modeling of the Coupled Heat, Solute and Momentum Transfers During Vacuum Arc Remelting (VAR)-Application to Titanium Alloy', Ph. D. thesis, Nancy, France (1995) (1995)

[8] Prakash C, Voller V, Numerical Heat Transfer B, p. 171,15 (1989) (1989)

[9] Mitchell A, Mitchell D, Tripp D, Proc. of 8th Conference on Vacuum Metallurgy, Linz, p. 1269 (1985) (1985)

[10] Jardy A, Falk L, Ablitzer D, Iron and Steelmaking, 19(3), 226 (1992)

[11] Grandemange D, Combres Y, Champin B, Jardy A, Hans S, Ablitzer D : An Application to the 'Wafer' Practice, Vacuum Metallurgy Division, American Vacuum Society, p.204 (1997) (1997)

[12] Cezairliyan A, McClure JL, Miiller AP, Int. J. Thermophysics, 15(5), 993 (1994)

[13] Cezairliyan A, McClure JL, Tayor R, 27B, No. 2 and 3, 251-256 (1977) (1977)

[14] Grandemange D, Combres Y, Champin B, Jardy A, Hans S, Ablitzer D : An Application to the 'Wafer' Practice, Vacuum Metallurgy Division', American Vacuum Society, p.204 (1997) (1997)

[15] Jardy A, Hans S, Ablitzer D : An Application to the 'Wafer' Practice' International Symposium on Liquid Metal Processing and Casting, Santa Fe, New Mexico, 204, (1997) (1997)

[16] Williamson RL, Zanner FJ, Grose SM, 'Low Current VAR Factor Space Expriment At Cytemp Specialty Steel, Titusville, Pennsylvania,' Report to the Specialty Metals Processing Consortium, Sandia National Laboratories internal publication, Albuquerque, New Mexico, (1991) (1991)

[17] Williamson RL, 'Low Current VAR Experiments At INCO Alloys, Huntington, West Virginia,' Report to the Specialty Metals Processing Consortium, Sandia National Laboratories internal publication, Albuquerque, New Mexico (1992) (1992)

[18] Cezairliyan A, McClure JL, Miller AP, Int, J. Thermophysics, 15(5), 993 (1994)

[19] Cezairliyan A, McClure JL, Taylor R, J. Research of the National Bureau of Standards-A. Phy-sis and Chemistry, 81A(2-3), 251 (1977)

[20] Li G, Thomas BG, Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 27B, 509 (1996)

[21] Materials Properties Handbook: Titanium Alloys, ASM International (1994) (1994)

[22] McClure JL, Cezairliyan A, Int. J. Thermophysics, 13(1), 75 (1992)

[23] Mueller BA, private communication, Howmet International, Inc., Whitehall, MI, (1996) (1996)

[24] Zhang F, Chang YA, Chou JS, Proceedings of the 1997 Int. Symp. on Liquid Metal Processing and Casting, A. Mitchell and P. Auburtin, eds., Vacuum Metallurgy Division, American Vacuum Society, Santa Fe, NM, 35-59 (1997) (1997)