Eutectic high chromium cast irons containing 17%Cr and 26%Cr were produced for this research by making each of them solidify unidirectionally. Abrasion wear test against SiC or Al 2 O 3 bonded paper was carried out using test pieces cut cross-sectionally at several distances from the chill face of castings. The wear resistance was evaluated in connection with the parameters such as eutectic colony size( E w ), area fraction of boundary region of the colony( S B ) where comparatively large massive chromium carbides are crystallized and, average diameter of chromium carbides in the boundary region( D c ). The wear rate( R w ), which is a gradient of straight line of wear loss versus testing time, was influenced by the type and the particle size of the abrasives. The R w value against SiC was found to be larger than that against A1 2 O 3 under the similar abrasive particle size. In the case of SiC, the R w value increased with an increase in the particle size. The R w value also increased as the eutectic colony size decreased, and that of the 17%Cr iron was larger than that of the 26%Cr iron at the same E w value. Both of the S B and D c values were closely related to the R w value regardless of chromium content of the specimens. The R w values of the annealed specimens were greater than those of the as-cast specimens because of softened matrix structures. As for the relationship between wear rate and macro-hardness of the specimens, the hardness resulting in the minimum wear rate was found to be at 550 HV30.