Liquid phase deposition (LPD), which is a method to directly form a titanium dioxide (TiO2) film on a substrate, is the most practical method for applying TiO2 films to medical devices because it is performed at lower temperatures than other methods. The TiO2 films to be applied to medical devices should offer excellent antibacterial effect, but should be stable to normal cells and have appropriate strength. In this research, we observed that the size, shape, and density of TiO2 particles varied with the nucleation duration in LPD and confirmed that these results caused changes in several properties including the mechanical properties, cytotoxicity and antibacterial effect of TiO2 films. From the analysis of these results, we established the conditions for the preparation of TiO2 films that are suitable for medical devices and suggest a new approach to the study of TiO2 films prepared by LPD. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.