Periodic nanostructures have attracted considerable interest and been applied in many fields. However, nanostructures of sufficiently large areas and depths are necessary for the development of practical devices. In this study, large-area high-aspect-ratio periodic nanostructures were fabricated by using a hybrid technology based on X-ray interference lithography, and then the patterns were transferred onto various substrates successfully. The final periodic nanostructures on the substrate attained measurements up to square centimetres with depths greater than 200 nm. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.