Macromolecular Research, Vol.29, No.3, 211-216, March, 2021
Robust and Highly Ion-Conducting Gel Polymer Electrolytes with Semi-Interpenetrating Polymer Network Structure
E-mail:
Here we report gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) formed by the film casting of the solution containing poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA) and trimethylolpropane ethoxylate triacrylate (ETPTA) with poly(vinylidene fluoride- co-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP), followed by the thermal radical polymerization and liquid electrolyte absorption. The resulting GPEs show a semi-interpenetrating polymer network (SIPN) structure that provides film robustness which is investigated by morphological, structural, and electrochemical studies. Particularly, the GPE prepared by the composition of 98 mol% PEGMA and 2 mol% ETPTA in the presence of 40 wt% of PVDF-HFP (relative to total amount of PEGMA and ETPTA) manifests large ionic conductivity (1.46 × 10-3 S cm-1) and tensile strength (6.28 MPa at elongation at break of 156%) at a room temperature due to large uptake of the liquid electrolyte (up to 267%) and SIPN structure. We also verify that the GPE is electrochemically stable up to 4.7 V (vs. Li/Li+), suggesting it holds the great promise of a polymer electrolyte membrane for energy storages such as rechargeable batteries or supercapacitors.
Keywords:polymer synthesis;gel polymer electrolyte;semi-interpenetrating polymer network;energy storage;lithium-ion battery
- Armand M, Tarascon JM, Nature, 451, 652 (2008)
- Zheng W, Lv R, Na B, Liu H, Jin T, Yuan D, J. Mater. Chem. A, 5, 12969 (2017)
- Pignanelli F, Romero M, Faccio R, Fernandez-Werner L, Mombru AW, J. Phys. Chem. C, 122, 1492 (2018)
- Wang J, Li S, Zhao Q, Song C, Xue Z, Adv. Funct. Mater., doi:10.1002/adfm.202008208 (2020).
- Baik JH, Kim DG, Shim J, Lee JH, Choi YS, Lee JC, Polymer, 99, 704 (2016)
- Kim SK, Kim DG, Lee A, Sohn HS, Wie JJ, Nguyen NA, Mackay ME, Lee JC, Macromolecules, 45(23), 9347 (2012)
- Kim DG, Sohn HS, Kim SK, Lee A, Lee JC, J. Polym. Sci. A: Polym. Chem., 50(17), 3618 (2012)
- Varshney PK, Gupta S, Ionics, 17, 479 (2011)
- Karuppasamy K, Rhee HW, Reddy P, Gupta D, Mitu L, Polu AR, Shajan XS, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 40, 168 (2016)
- Wang M, Fan L, Qin G, Hu X, Wang Y, Wang C, Yang J, Chen Q, J. Membr. Sci., 597, 117740 (2020)
- Lu LG, Han XB, Li JQ, Hua JF, Ouyang MG, J. Power Sources, 226, 272 (2013)
- Qian XM, Gu NY, Cheng ZL, Yang XR, Wang EK, Dong SJ, Mater. Chem. Phys., 74(1), 98 (2002)
- Yesappa L, Ashokkumar S, Vijeth H, Basappa M, Ganesh S, Devendrappa H, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 322, 5 (2019)
- Lee YM, Choi NS, Park JH, Park JK, J. Power Sources, 119, 964 (2003)
- Xia Y, Wang X, Xia X, Xu R, Zhang S, Wu J, Liang Y, Gu C, Tu J, Chem. Eur. J., 23, 15203 (2017)
- Zhang JQ, Chen SQ, Xie XQ, Kretschmer K, Huang XD, Sun B, Wang GX, J. Membr. Sci., 472, 133 (2014)
- Pal P, Ghosh A, J. Appl. Phys., 120, 045108 (2016)
- Liu M, Wang Y, Li M, Li G, Li B, Zhang S, Ming H, Qiu J, Chen J, Zhao P, Electrochim. Acta, 354, 136622 (2020)
- Li H, Xu Z, Yang J, Wang J, Hirano SI, Sustain. Energy Fuels, (2020).
- Lu Q, He YB, Yu Q, Li B, Kaneti YV, Yao Y, Kang F, Yang QH, Adv. Mater., 29, 160446 (2017)
- Oh S, Kim DW, Lee C, Lee MH, Kang Y, Electrochim. Acta, 57, 46 (2011)
- Li Y, Sun Z, Shi L, Lu S, Sun Z, Shi Y, Wu H, Zhang Y, Ding S, Chem. Eng. J., 375, 121925 (2019)
- Ha HJ, Kil EH, Kwon YH, Kim JY, Lee CK, Lee SY, Energy Environ. Sci., 5, 6491 (2012)
- Yong H, Park H, Jung C, J. Power Sources, 447, 227390 (2020)
- Fedeli E, Garcia-Calvo O, Thieu T, Phan TNT, Gigmes D, Urdampilleta I, Kvasha A, Electrochim. Acta, 353, 136481 (2020)
- Lu QW, Yang J, Lu W, Wang JL, Nuli Y, Electrochim. Acta, 152, 489 (2015)
- Zhang W, Nie J, Li F, Wang ZL, Sun C, Nano Energy, 45, 413 (2018)
- Yang Y, Shu C, Zheng R, Hu A, Hou Z, Li M, Ran Z, Hei P, Long J, J. Membr. Sci., 604, 118051 (2020)
- Long L, Wang S, Xiao M, Meng Y, J. Mater. Chem. A, 4, 10038 (2016)
- Yu SC, Chen L, Chen YW, Tong YF, Appl. Surf. Sci., 258(11), 4983 (2012)
- Das S, Ghosh A, J. Phys. Chem. B, 121(21), 5422 (2017)
- Ibrahim S, Johan MR, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 6, 5565 (2011)