Occurrence of bisphenols and phthalates in indoor dust collected from Korean homes

Byoung-cheun Lee; Hyojung Yoon; Byeongwoo Lee; Pilje Kim; Hyo-Bang Moon; Younghun Kim

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.99, 68-73, July, 2021

DOI10.1016/j.jiec.2021.03.051 Export Citation

Occurrence of bisphenols and phthalates in indoor dust collected from Korean homes

Byoung-cheun Lee, Hyojung Yoon, Byeongwoo Lee, Pilje Kim^†, Hyo-Bang Moon¹, and Younghun Kim^{2, †}

Risk Assessment Division, Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22733, Republic of Korea
¹Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
²Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea

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Indoor environments are a major source of exposure to contaminants for children owing to long indoor residence time. In particular, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, such as bisphenols and phthalates, which are widely used in household products, are one of the major contaminants in indoor air or dust. Bisphenols and phthalates are ubiquitous in consumer products including toys, packaging, and cosmetics. We investigated the occurrence of 8 bisphenol and 16 phthalate analogues in the indoor dust collected from 49 houses in Korea. The results showed that the concentrations of bisphenol A (BPA) and di (2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) were the highest in indoor dust. This was due to the large production volume and relatively low vapor pressure of these compounds. Finally, we attempted to find a correlation between the BPA and DEHP concentrations in indoor dust. A boomerang-shaped pattern was observed between the DEHP and BPA concentrations. It was concluded that the high concentration of DEHP in one part of the boomerang curve might be due to the increase in the usage of plastic products with age.

Keywords:Indoor dust;Bisphenols;Phthalates;Homes;Children

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[1] Conticini E, Frediani B, Caro D, Environ. Pollut., 261, 114465 (2020)

[2] Hwang HM, Park EK, Young TM, Hammock BD, Sci. Total. Environ., 404, 26 (2008)

[3] Abb M, Heinrich T, Sorkau E, Lorenz W, Environ. Int., 35, 965 (2009)

[4] Wang L, Liao C, Liu F, Wu Q, Guo Y, Moon HB, Nakata H, Kannan K, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 11584 (2012)

[5] Park C, Lee J, Kong B, Park J, Song H, Choi KO, Guon T, Lee YJ, Environ. Pollut., 248, 774 (2019)

[6] Grindler NM, Vanderlinden L, Karthikraj R, Kannan K, Teal S, Polotsky AJ, Powell TL, Yang IV, Jansson T, Sci. Rep., 8, 6086 (2018)

[7] Geens T, Roosens L, Neels H, Covaci A, Chemosphere, 76, 755 (2009)

[8] Calafat AM, Ye X, Wong LY, Reidy JA, Needham LL, Environ. Health Perspect., 116, 39 (2008)

[9] Hauser R, Calafat AM, Occup. Environ. Med., 62, 806 (2005)

[10] Fromme H, Hahzr T, Piloty M, Gebhart H, Oddoy A, Ruden H, Indoor Air, 14, 188 (2004)

[11] Liao C, Liu F, Guo Y, Moon HB, Nakata H, Wu Q, Kannan K, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 9138 (2012)

[12] Caban M, Stepnowski P, Microchem. J., 153, 104392 (2020)

[13] Salthammer T, J. Hyg. Environ. Health, 224, 113423 (2020)

[14] Tran TM, Minh TB, Kumosani TA, Kannan K, Chemosphere, 144, 1553 (2016)

[15] Zhu Q, Wang M, Jia J, Hu Y, Wang X, Liao C, Jiang G, Environ. Sci. Technol., 54, 11333 (2020)

[16] ECHA, The Use of Bisphenol A and Its Alternatives in Thermal Paper in the EU During 2014-2022 ECHA-20-R-07-EN, (2020).

[17] EU REACH, List of Amendments to Annex XVII-Restrictions Commission regulation EU 2018/2005, (2020).

[18] Bergh C, Torgrip R, Emenius G, Ostman C, Indoor Air, 21, 67 (2010)

[19] Guo Y, Kannan K, Environ. Sci. Technol., 45, 3788 (2011)

[20] Kang Y, Man YB, Cheung KC, Wong MH, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 8422 (2012)

[21] Kubwabo C, Rasmussen PE, Fan X, Kosarac I, Wu F, Zidek A, Kuchta SL, Indoor Air, 23, 506 (2013)

[22] Chen YF, Yang ZB, Liu YF, Zhao ZJ, Zhang GH, Chem. Ind., 36, 42 (2018)

[23] He R, Li Y, Xiang P, Li C, Zhou C, Zhang S, Cui X, Ma LQ, Chemosphere, 150, 528 (2016)

[24] Almeida S, Raposo A, Almeida-Gonzalez M, Carrascosa C, Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf., 17, 1503 (2018)

[25] Kim W, Choi I, Jung Y, Lee J, Min S, Yoon C, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 12459 (2013)

[26] Langer S, Weschler CJ, Fischer A, Beko G, Toftum J, Clausen G, Atmos. Environ., 44, 2294 (2010)