Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Vol.39, No.12, 4450-4454, 2000
Kinetics of the enzymatic alcoholysis of palm kernel oil in supercritical CO2
Recently, the use of supercritical CO2 (SCCO2) as a solvent in enzyme-catalyzed reactions has been a matter of considerable research because of its favorable transport properties that can accelerate mass-transfer-limited enzymatic reactions. Further, biocatalysts, especially lipases, have substrate speciff city and catalyze the syntheses of esters from a variety of acids and alcohols in SCCO2. Fatty acid esters obtained from alcoholysis of vegetable oils have many applications, such as antifriction agents, food preservatives, and emulsifiers. However, despite the industrial importance of the products obtained from alcoholysis of vegetable oils, conversions of such reactions in SCCO2 have hardly been reported in the literature. Hence, the main objective of this work is to study the ethanolysis of palm kernel oil in SCCO2 as catalyzed by two commercial Lipases. The experiments were performed in a reactor vessel in the temperature range of 40-70 degreesC and from 60 to 200 bar using a water concentration of 0-10 wt % and oil/ethanol molar ratios fl om 1:3 to 1:10. The initial reaction rate was found to be a function of both pressure and the oil/ethanol molar ratio. A simple model, capable of representing the conversion-time relationship curve, is proposed.