Well-crystallized anatase films were deposited on commercially available pure titanium substrates from an acid titanium tetrafluoride aqueous solution kept at 60 degreesC for 24 h. The anatase films consisted of dual layers that were different in topography: a dense inner layer strongly adhered to the Ti substrate and a porous outer layer. In vitro bioactivity of such films was evaluated by soaking them in a simulated body fluid (SBF) of the Kokubo solution to observe their ability to induce apatite deposition. The anatase films with a subsequent thermal treatment at a temperature range of 300-700 degreesC induced apatite deposition within 5 days. Apatite particles were also found to deposit within 7 days on the anatase films being heated at 800 degreesC, which involved much rutile due to direct air oxidation of the titanium substrate. When the heating temperature is lower than 200 degreesC, no apatite deposited on the films even after 10 days of soaking in the SBF solution. The improved in vitro bioactivity of the films subsequently heated over 300 degreesC was attributed to the elimination of fluorine.