This paper is devoted to the determination and the quantification of some physicochemical properties of solid surfaces. The new equations and models which we proposed were used to determine the acid-base superficial characteristics of solid substrates like oxides and/or polymer adsorbed on oxides. We also determined the second-order transition temperatures of poly(methyl methacrylate) (at various tacticities) adsorbed on alumina or silica, by studying the evolution of the surface energy (or the enthalpy variations of adsorption) of polymers as a function of the temperature (or the inverse of the temperature). The technique used was inverse gas chromatography at infinite dilution. The acid-base constants were calculated for many solids: Monogal, MgO, ZnO and four different carbon fibers. On the other hand, we proposed a new relationship to describe the acid-base properties of solids, and added a new parameter K reflecting the amphoteric character of the solid and correcting the classical relationship previously used to obtain the acid-base constants of solid surfaces.