This paper addresses water and wastewater minimization in the process industries through re-use in situations where there are fixed flowrate constraints. Water losses from operations and situations with multiple sources of freshwater with different qualities are also considered. Previously published targeting methods have been substantially improved to take these constraints into account. The insights gained through targeting have allowed new design rules to be developed which allow flowrate constraints to be met. Local recycling or splitting of water-using operations can be used as alternative ways to meet flowrate constraints. The design method allows novel water flow schemes to be developed based on local recycling and splitting of operations.