Silver-Mediated Electrochemical Oxidation: Production of Silver (II) in Nitric Acid Medium and in situ Destruction of Phenol in Semi-batch Process

Manickam Matheswaran; Subramanian Balaji; Sang Joon Chung; Il Shik Moon

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.13, No.2, 231-236, March, 2007

Manickam Matheswaran, Subramanian Balaji, Sang Joon Chung, and Il Shik Moon^†

Department of Chemical Engineering, Sunchon National University, Chonnam 540-742, Korea

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The mediated electrochemical oxidation was studied with Ag (II) as the mediator ion in nitric acid medium. The oxidation of Ag (I) was performed in an electrochemical cell under various conditions, including varying the temperature and the concentrations of nitric acid and mediator ions in a batch-type electrochemical reactor in recirculation mode. The formation of Ag (II) increased upon increasing the concentration of nitric acid, but it decreased at higher temperatures. The percentage of conversion decreased upon increaseing the concentration of Ag (I). The destruction of phenol was performed in batch and continuous organic feeding modes. A maximum destruction efficiency of 88.8 % (based on CO2) was achieved in the batch process. The destruction efficiency during the continuous organic feeding increased upon increasing the temperature and initial concentration of Ag (I) up to 0.5 M. The destruction was also tested in the long run for 2 h; the steady state destruction efficiency was 75 %, based on CO2 production.

Keywords:mediated electrochemical oxidation;silver (I);destruction efficiency;phenol;organic destruction;carbon dioxide

[References]

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Liu Y, Xia X, Liu H, J. Power Sources, 130(1-2), 299 (2004)
Fleischmann M, Pletcher D, Rafinski A, J. Appl. Electrochem., 1, 1 (1971)
Kirwin JB, Peat FB, Proll PJ, Sutcliffe LH, J. Phys. Chem., 67, 1617 (1963)
Noyes AA, De Vault D, Coryell CD, Deahl TJ, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 59, 1326 (1937)
Chiba Z, Schumacher B, Lewis P, Murguia L, WM95 Symposia, Tucson, AZ, March 1 (1995)
Balaji S, Chung SJ, Ramesh T, Moon IS, Chem. Eng. J., 126, 51 (2007)
Chung SJ, Balaji S, Matheswaran M, Ramesh T, Moon IS, Water Sci. Technol., 55, 261 (2007)
Balazs B, Chiba Z, Lewis P, Murguia L, Adamson M, Sixth International Confernece on Radioactive Waste Management & Environmental Remediation, Singapore, October 12-16 (1997)

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[2] Kim IS, Choi SW, Heo CD, Park SC, J. Korean Ind. Eng. Chem., 13(1), 33 (2002)

[3] Lee CW, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 12(6), 967 (2006)

[4] Park SC, Kim IS, J. Korean Ind. Eng. Chem., 16(2), 206 (2005)

[5] Steele DF, Richardson D, Campbell JD, Craig DR, Quinn JD, Trans. IChemE., 68, 115 (1990)

[6] Spotnitz RM, Kreh RP, Lundquist JT, Press PJ, J. Appl. Electrochem., 20, 209 (1990)

[7] Bringmann J, Ebert K, Galla U, Schimider HJ, J. Appl. Electrochem., 25, 846 (1995)

[8] Devadoss V, Noel M, Jayaraman K, Ahmed Basha C, J. Appl. Electrochem., 33, 319 (2003)

[9] Farmer JC, Wang FT, Hawley Fedder RA, Lewis PR, Summers LJ, Follies L, J. Electrochem. Soc., 139, 654 (1992)

[10] Jow JJ, Chou TC, J. Appl. Electrochem., 18, 298 (1988)

[11] Kuhn AT, Randle TH, J. Chem. Soc.-Faraday Trans., 1, 403 (1985)

[12] Randle TH, Kuhn AT, Electrochim. Acta, 31, 739 (1986)

[13] Sah MP, J. Indian Chem. Soc., 72, 173 (1995)

[14] Vijayabarathi T, Velayutham D, Noel M, J. Appl. Electrochem., 31, 976 (2001)

[15] Liu Y, Xia X, Liu H, J. Power Sources, 130(1-2), 299 (2004)

[16] Fleischmann M, Pletcher D, Rafinski A, J. Appl. Electrochem., 1, 1 (1971)

[17] Kirwin JB, Peat FB, Proll PJ, Sutcliffe LH, J. Phys. Chem., 67, 1617 (1963)

[18] Noyes AA, De Vault D, Coryell CD, Deahl TJ, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 59, 1326 (1937)

[19] Chiba Z, Schumacher B, Lewis P, Murguia L, WM95 Symposia, Tucson, AZ, March 1 (1995)

[20] Balaji S, Chung SJ, Ramesh T, Moon IS, Chem. Eng. J., 126, 51 (2007)

[21] Chung SJ, Balaji S, Matheswaran M, Ramesh T, Moon IS, Water Sci. Technol., 55, 261 (2007)

[22] Balazs B, Chiba Z, Lewis P, Murguia L, Adamson M, Sixth International Confernece on Radioactive Waste Management & Environmental Remediation, Singapore, October 12-16 (1997)