Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.13, No.3, 400-405, May, 2007
Thermal Stability and Reaction Mechanism of Chloromethanes in Excess Hydrogen Atmosphere
E-mail:
The four chlorinated methanes, methyl chloride (CH3Cl), methylene chloride (CH2Cl2), chloroform (CHCl3), and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), were used as model chlorocarbon systems with Cl/H ratios of 0.021 to 0.083 to investigate the thermal stability and hydrodechlorination of chloromethanes in excess hydrogen. The pyrolytic reactions were studied in an isothermal tubular reactor at a total pressure of 1 atm with reaction times of 0.3∼2.0 s at temperatures between 525 and 900 ℃. The thermal stabilities of the chloromethanes, i.e., the temperatures for 99 % destruction within a reaction time of 1 s were 875 ℃ for CH3Cl, 780 ℃ for CH2Cl2, 675 ℃ for CHCl3, and 635 ℃ for CCl4. The less-chlorinated hydrocarbons were more stable, with CH3Cl the most stable chlorocarbon in this reaction system. This work focused on pyrolysis of CH3Cl in an excess-hydrogen reaction atmosphere. The observed hydrodechlorinated products were CH4, C2H4, and C2H6 at temperatures above 850 ℃ in the CH3Cl/H2 reaction system. The number and quantities of intermediate chlorinated products decreased with increasing temperature; the formation of non-chlorinated hydrocarbons increased as the temperature rose. One of main pathways for hydrodechlorinated products resulted from H atom cyclic chain reaction by abstraction. Product distributions along with preliminary activation energies and rate constants are reported. The pyrolytic reaction pathways that describe the important features of reagent decay and intermediate product distributions, based upon thermochemical and kinetic principles, are suggested.
Keywords:pyrolysis;thermal stability;reaction mechanism;chloromethane;methyl chloride;methylene chloride;chloroform;carbon tetrachloride
- Baker JI, Hites RA, Environ. Sci. Technol., 34, 2879 (2000)
- Gullett BK, Touati A, Lee CW, Environ. Sci. Technol., 34, 2069 (2000)
- Mastral AM, Callen MS, Environ. Sci. Technol., 34, 3051 (2000)
- Li K, Kennedy EM, Moghtaderi B, Dlugogorski BZ, Environ. Sci. Technol., 34, 584 (2000)
- Eom Y, Kim S, Kim SS, Chung SH, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 12(6), 846 (2006)
- Mason L, Unget S, US EPA 600/2.79.198, NTIS PB 80-131964 (1979)
- Booty MR, Bozzelli JW, Ho W, Magee RS, Environ. Sci. Technol., 29, 3059 (1995)
- Louw R, Dijks H, Mulder P, Chem. Ind., 23, 759 (1983)
- Won YS, Bozzelli JW, Combust. Sci. Technol., 85, 345 (1992)
- Chuang SC, Bozzelli JW, Environ. Sci. Technol., 20, 568 (1986)
- Oppelt ET, J. Air Pollution Control Assoc., 37, 558 (1987)
- Tsang W, Combust. Sci. Technol., 74, 99 (1990)
- Wu YP, Won YS, J. Hazard. Mater., B105, 63 (2003)
- Manion JA, Louw R, J. Chem. Soc.-Perkin Trans. 1, 2, 1547 (1988)
- Weissman M, Benson SW, J. Phys. Chem., 87, 243 (1983)
- Benson SW, Thermochemical Kinetics, John Wiley and Son (1976)
- Wu YP, Won YS, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 9(6), 775 (2003)
- Kung FE, Bissinger WE, J. Org. Chem., 29, 2739 (1964)
- Benson SW, Spokes GN, 11th Symposium (international) on combustion, 95 (1966)
- Schug KP, Wagner HG, Zabel F, Ber. Bunsenges Phys. Chem., 83, 167 (1979)
- Herman IP, Magnotta F, Buss RJ, Lee YT, J. Chem. Phys., 79, 1789 (1983)
- Setser DW, Lee T, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 89, 5799 (1985)
- Kerr JA, Moss SJ, Handbook of Bimolecular and Termolecular Gas Reactions, CRC Press, FL (1981)
- NIST, Chemical Gas Kinetics Database, Version 5.0 (2003)
- Allara D, Shaw R, Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 9, 523 (1981)
- Won YS, Bozzelli JW, Am. Soc. Mech. Eng., HTD, 104, 131 (1988)
- Dean AM, J. Phys. Chem., 89, 4600 (1985)
- Won YS, J. Korean Ind. Eng. Chem., 17(6), 638 (2006)