Microencapsulation of Self-Healing Agents with Melamine-Urea-Formaldehyde by the Shirasu Porous Glass (SPG) Emulsification Technique

Xing Liu; Jong Keun Le; Michael R. Kessler

Macromolecular Research, Vol.19, No.10, 1056-1061, October, 2011

DOI10.1007/s13233-011-1009-3 Export Citation

Microencapsulation of Self-Healing Agents with Melamine-Urea-Formaldehyde by the Shirasu Porous Glass (SPG) Emulsification Technique

Xing Liu^{1, 2}, Jong Keun Le^{1, 2, †}, and Michael R. Kessler³

¹Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gyeongbuk, 731-701, Korea
²College of Textile, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Chenglin Road, Tianjin, 300160, P.R. China
³Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, 2220 Hoover Hall, Ames, IA, 50011-2300, USA

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Norbornene-based healing agent candidates, 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene (ENB) and ENB with a custom crosslinker, were prepared into uniform microspheres using a Shirasu porous glass (SPG) emulsification technique, and microencapsulated by in situ polymerization of melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF). The resulting microcapsules were observed by optical and scanning electron microscopy for their morphology, outer and inner surface and shell thickness. Particle size analysis revealed a more uniform size distribution with a mean diameter of 40 μm than a conventional method using a mechanical impeller. The thermal and mechanical properties of the microcapsules were also examined by considering fabrication of self-healing composites.

Keywords:self-healing;microencapsulation;melamine-urea-formaldehyde;SPG emulsification.

[References]

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Blaiszik BJ, Caruso MM, McIlroy DA, Moore JS, White SR, Sottos NR, Polymer, 50(4), 990 (2009)
Yuan L, Liang G, Xie JQ, He S, Colloid Polym. Sci., 285, 781 (2007)
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Yang JL, Keller MW, Moore JS, White SR, Sottos NR, Macromolecules, 41(24), 9650 (2008)
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Liu X, Lee JK, Yoon SH, Kessler MR, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 101(3), 1266 (2006)
Sheng X, Kessler MR, Lee JK, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 89, 459 (2007)
Liu X, Sheng X, Lee JK, Kessler MR, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 89, 453 (2007)
Liu X, Sheng X, Lee JK, Kessler MR, Macromol. Mater. Eng., 294, 389 (2009)
Vladisavljevic GT, Williams RA, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 113, 1 (2005)
Nakashima T, Shimizu M, Ceram. Jpn., 21, 408 (1986)
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Omi S, Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Asp., 109, 97 (1996)
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Ma GH, Su ZG, Omi S, Sundberg D, Stubbs J, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 266(2), 282 (2003)
Cheng CJ, Chu LY, Ren PW, Zhang H, Hu L, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 313(2), 383 (2007)
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Lee YH, Kim CA, Jang WH, Choi HJ, Jhon MS, Polymer, 42(19), 8277 (2001)

[Referenced By]

[1] White SR, Sottos NR, Geubelle PH, Moore JS, Kessler MR, Sriram SR, Brown EN, Viswanathan S, Nature, 409(6822), 794 (2001)

[2] Brown EN, Kessler MR, Sottos NR, White SR, J. Microencapsul., 20(6), 719 (2003)

[3] Cosco S, Ambrogi V, Musto P, Carfagna C, Macromol. Symp., 234, 184 (2006)

[4] Yuan L, Liang GZ, Xie JQ, Li L, Guo J, Polymer, 47(15), 5338 (2006)

[5] Yuan L, Liang GZ, Xie JQ, Li L, Guo J, J. Mater. Sci., 42(12), 4390 (2007)

[6] Yin T, Rong MZ, Zhang MQ, Yang GC, Compos. Sci. Technol., 67, 201 (2007)

[7] Blaiszik BJ, Caruso MM, McIlroy DA, Moore JS, White SR, Sottos NR, Polymer, 50(4), 990 (2009)

[8] Yuan L, Liang G, Xie JQ, He S, Colloid Polym. Sci., 285, 781 (2007)

[9] Yuan YC, Rong MZ, Zhang MQ, Chen B, Yang GC, Li XM, Macromolecules, 41(14), 5197 (2008)

[10] Yang JL, Keller MW, Moore JS, White SR, Sottos NR, Macromolecules, 41(24), 9650 (2008)

[11] Lee JK, Hong SJ, Liu X, Yoon SH, Macromol. Res., 12(5), 478 (2004)

[12] Liu X, Lee JK, Yoon SH, Kessler MR, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 101(3), 1266 (2006)

[13] Sheng X, Kessler MR, Lee JK, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 89, 459 (2007)

[14] Liu X, Sheng X, Lee JK, Kessler MR, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 89, 453 (2007)

[15] Liu X, Sheng X, Lee JK, Kessler MR, Macromol. Mater. Eng., 294, 389 (2009)

[16] Vladisavljevic GT, Williams RA, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 113, 1 (2005)

[17] Nakashima T, Shimizu M, Ceram. Jpn., 21, 408 (1986)

[18] Ma GH, Chen AY, Su ZG, Omi S, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 87, 241 (2003)

[19] Omi S, Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Asp., 109, 97 (1996)

[20] Omi S, Kaneko K, Nakayama A, Katami K, Taguchi T, Iso M, Nagai M, Ma GH, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 65(13), 2655 (1997)

[21] Heo JS, Park NH, Ryu JH, Suh KD, Liq. Cryst., 31, 497 (2004)

[22] Ma GH, Su ZG, Omi S, Sundberg D, Stubbs J, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 266(2), 282 (2003)

[23] Cheng CJ, Chu LY, Ren PW, Zhang H, Hu L, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 313(2), 383 (2007)

[24] Liu R, Ma GH, Meng FT, Su ZG, J. Control. Release, 103, 31 (2005)

[25] Lee YH, Kim CA, Jang WH, Choi HJ, Jhon MS, Polymer, 42(19), 8277 (2001)