활성탄소섬유를 사용한 수돗물 내 트리할로메탄의 제거

유화인; 유승곤; Hwa In Yoo; Seung Kon Ryu

Korean Chemical Engineering Research, Vol.50, No.1, 83-87, February, 2012

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활성탄소섬유를 사용한 수돗물 내 트리할로메탄의 제거

Removal of Trihalomethanes from Tap Water using Activated Carbon Fiber

유화인, 유승곤 ^†

충남대학교 화학공학과, 305-764 대전시 유성구 궁동 220

Hwa In Yoo, and Seung Kon Ryu^†

Department of Chemical Engineering, Chungnam National University, 220 Gung-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Korea

E-mail:

초록

활성탄소섬유를 사용하여 염소소독 후 수돗물 내에 부산물로 존재하는 4종 트리할로메탄을 제거하였다. THMs의 종류별 농도 및 용액의 온도를 달리하면서 흡착실험을 수행하고 활성탄소섬유의 표면특성에 따른 흡착능력과 흡착메카니즘을 살펴본 결과, 4종의 THMs은 모두 Langmuir 타입의 흡착등온곡선을 보이면서 매우 신속하게 활성탄소섬유에 흡착되었다. THMs의 흡착은 활성탄소섬유의 표면에 균일하게 발달된 미세공의 입구에 물리적 및 화학적 수소결합으로 이루어졌다고 판단된다. Langmuir 타입은 특히 저농도 오염원 일때 제거효율이 높기 때문에 수돗물 내에 약 30 μg/L 수준으로 존재하는 THMs의 제거에는 활성탄소섬유가 매우 효과적임을 알 수 있다. 4종 THMs 종류별 흡착량은 큰 차이는 없으나 chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, 및 bromoform 의 순서로 증가하였다. 이는 brom 원자수의 증가와 일치하며 극성의 감소로 용해도가 낮아짐에 따라 흡착량이 증가한 것이다.

Activated carbon fiber (ACF) was used to remove four kinds of trihalomethanes(THMs) from tap water which were remained as by-products during the chlorination of water. Adsorption capacity was investigated as a function of THMs concentration and solution temperature, and adsorption mechanism was studied in relating to the surface characteristics of ACF. All the four kinds of THMs were rapidly adsorbed on the surface of ACF by physical adsorption due to the enormous surface micropores and chemical adsorption due to the hydrogen bonds, showing a Langmuir type adsorption isotherm. Langmuir type is especially profitable for the adsorption of low level adsorptives. ACF was very effective for the removal of THMs from tap water because the THMs concentration is below 30 μg/L in tap water. The adsorption amount of THMs on ACF increased in order of the number of brom atom; chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, and bromoform. The adsorption capacity increased as increasing the number of brom atom due to the decrease of polarity in solution. The adsorption capacity of THMs on ACF can be enhanced by proper surface treatment of ACF.

Keywords:Activated Carbon Fiber(ACF);Adsorption Isotherms;Trihalomethanes(THMs)

[References]

Rook JJ, Water Treatment and Examination., 23, 234 (1974)
Harris RH, Brechen EM, Part 1,2,3 Consumer Report., 26, 436 (1974)
Huang WJ, Yeh HH, Environ. Sci. Health., 32(8), 2311 (1997)
American Public Health Association (APHA), “Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater,” 20 ed., 275 (1998)
Zavaleta JO, Hauchman FS, Cox MW, “Epidemiology and Toxicology of Disinfection by-products,” In: Formation and Control of Disinfection By-products in Drinking Water, Singer, P. C. (ed), Amercan Water Works Association, Denver, 164, 95 (1999)
Craun GF, Bull RJ, Clark RM, Doull J, Grabow W, Marsh GM, Okun DA, Regli S, Sobsey MD, Symons JM, Water Supply:Research & Technology-Aqua., 43, 192 (1994)
Vel Leiner NK, De Laat J, Suty H, “The Use of ClO2 in Drinking Water Treatment: formation and Control of Inorganic by-product(ClO2-, ClO3- ),” Disinfection By-Products in Drinking Water, Singer, P. C. (ed), American Water Works Association, Denver, 7, 393 (1996)
Reckhow DA, “Control of Disinfection By-Product Formation Using Ozone,” In: Formation and Control of Disinfection By-Products in Drinking Water, Singer, P. C. (ed), American Water Works Association, Denver, 164, 179 (1999)
Tung HH, Unz RF, J. American Water Works Association., 6, 107 (1998)
Wu H, Xie YF, “Effects of Empty Bed Contact Time and Temperature on the Removal of Haloacetic Acids Using Biologically Activated Carbon,” Proceedings of 2003 AWWA Annual Conference, Anaheim, California, 97, 15 (2003)
Son HJ, Roh JS, Kim SG, Bae SM, Kang LS, Korean Society of Enviromental Engineers., 27, 2 (2005)
Weber WJ, “Physicochemical Process for Water Quality Control," Chap.5, Wiley Interscience, New York, 413 (1972)
Yoon KS, Pyo DW, Lee YS, Ryu SK, Yang XP, Carbon Letters., 11(2), 131 (2010)
Kim YO, Ko KR, Park YT, Ryu SK, HWAHAK KONGHAK, 30(3), 347 (1992)
US EPA, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research Development Method, Cincinati, Ohio (1995)
Guo J, Xu WS, Chen YL, Lua AC, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 281(2), 285 (2005)
Morawski AW, Kalenczuk R, Inagaki M, Desalination, 130(2), 107 (2000)
Singer PC, Yen CY, “Activated Carbon Adsorption,” Vol.I, Ann Arber Science Publishers, Ann Arber, Mich, 167 (1981)
Puri BR, Bhardwaj SS, Gupta U, J. Indian Chem. Soc., 53, 1095 (1976)
Cho DH, Seo SM, Korean J. Sanitation., 19(2), 1 (2004)
McCabe WL, Smith JC, Harriot P, Unit Operation of Chemical Engineering, 7th ed. McGraw-Hill, Boston, 840 (2005)
Marsh H, Wynne-Jones FWK, Carbon., 1, 281 (1964)
Dawes EA, Quantitative Problems in Biochemistry, 4th ed. E. & S. Livingstone, Edinburgh and London, 106 (1967)

[Referenced By]

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[1] Rook JJ, Water Treatment and Examination., 23, 234 (1974)

[2] Harris RH, Brechen EM, Part 1,2,3 Consumer Report., 26, 436 (1974)

[3] Huang WJ, Yeh HH, Environ. Sci. Health., 32(8), 2311 (1997)

[4] American Public Health Association (APHA), “Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater,” 20 ed., 275 (1998)

[5] Zavaleta JO, Hauchman FS, Cox MW, “Epidemiology and Toxicology of Disinfection by-products,” In: Formation and Control of Disinfection By-products in Drinking Water, Singer, P. C. (ed), Amercan Water Works Association, Denver, 164, 95 (1999)

[6] Craun GF, Bull RJ, Clark RM, Doull J, Grabow W, Marsh GM, Okun DA, Regli S, Sobsey MD, Symons JM, Water Supply:Research & Technology-Aqua., 43, 192 (1994)

[7] Vel Leiner NK, De Laat J, Suty H, “The Use of ClO2 in Drinking Water Treatment: formation and Control of Inorganic by-product(ClO2-, ClO3- ),” Disinfection By-Products in Drinking Water, Singer, P. C. (ed), American Water Works Association, Denver, 7, 393 (1996)

[8] Reckhow DA, “Control of Disinfection By-Product Formation Using Ozone,” In: Formation and Control of Disinfection By-Products in Drinking Water, Singer, P. C. (ed), American Water Works Association, Denver, 164, 179 (1999)

[9] Tung HH, Unz RF, J. American Water Works Association., 6, 107 (1998)

[10] Wu H, Xie YF, “Effects of Empty Bed Contact Time and Temperature on the Removal of Haloacetic Acids Using Biologically Activated Carbon,” Proceedings of 2003 AWWA Annual Conference, Anaheim, California, 97, 15 (2003)

[11] Son HJ, Roh JS, Kim SG, Bae SM, Kang LS, Korean Society of Enviromental Engineers., 27, 2 (2005)

[12] Weber WJ, “Physicochemical Process for Water Quality Control," Chap.5, Wiley Interscience, New York, 413 (1972)

[13] Yoon KS, Pyo DW, Lee YS, Ryu SK, Yang XP, Carbon Letters., 11(2), 131 (2010)

[14] Kim YO, Ko KR, Park YT, Ryu SK, HWAHAK KONGHAK, 30(3), 347 (1992)

[15] US EPA, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research Development Method, Cincinati, Ohio (1995)

[16] Guo J, Xu WS, Chen YL, Lua AC, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 281(2), 285 (2005)

[17] Morawski AW, Kalenczuk R, Inagaki M, Desalination, 130(2), 107 (2000)

[18] Singer PC, Yen CY, “Activated Carbon Adsorption,” Vol.I, Ann Arber Science Publishers, Ann Arber, Mich, 167 (1981)

[19] Puri BR, Bhardwaj SS, Gupta U, J. Indian Chem. Soc., 53, 1095 (1976)

[20] Cho DH, Seo SM, Korean J. Sanitation., 19(2), 1 (2004)

[21] McCabe WL, Smith JC, Harriot P, Unit Operation of Chemical Engineering, 7th ed. McGraw-Hill, Boston, 840 (2005)

[22] Marsh H, Wynne-Jones FWK, Carbon., 1, 281 (1964)

[23] Dawes EA, Quantitative Problems in Biochemistry, 4th ed. E. & S. Livingstone, Edinburgh and London, 106 (1967)