Thermo plasticization and characterization of kenaf fiber by benzylation

Chao Chen; Misuk Cho; Byung-Woo Kim; Jae-Do Nam; Youngkwan Lee

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.18, No.3, 1107-1111, May, 2012

DOI10.1016/j.jiec.2011.12.012 Export Citation

Thermo plasticization and characterization of kenaf fiber by benzylation

Chao Chen, Misuk Cho , Byung-Woo Kim , Jae-Do Nam¹, and Youngkwan Lee^†

School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
¹Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea

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Kenaf fibers were heterogeneously benzylated in aqueous alkaline solution. The benzylated kenaf fibers were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), universal tensile machine (UTM), and the contact angle test. The results showed that the degree of benzylation depended on the reaction time, as assessed by the weight gain. The DMA analysis showed that the glass transition temperature of kenaf fiber decreased from 140 to 118 ℃ after benzylation, while the weight gain increased from 5 to 120%. The benzylated kenaf fibers exhibited good melt processability and were readily hot pressed into sheets. The sheet containing with fibers, which were benzylated for 3 h, exhibited 17.5 MPa in tensile strength, and the hydrophilic property of the sheet was greatly decreased as a function of benzylation time.

Keywords:Kenaf;Benzylation;Melt process;Thermo plasticization

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Kalia S, Kaith BS, Kaur I, Polym. Eng. Sci., 49(7), 1253 (2009)
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Ramaswamy GN, Craft S, Wartelle L, Textile Res. J., 65, 765 (1995)
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Lu X, Zhang MQ, Rong MZ, Yue DL, Yang GC, Polym. Polym. Compos., 12, 297 (2004)
Lu X, Zhang MQ, Rong MZ, Yue DL, Yang GC, Compos. Sci. Technol., 64, 1301 (2004)
Han DL, Yan LF, Carbohyd. Polym., 79, 614 (2010)
Fengel D, Wegener G, Wood: Chemisty, Ultastructure, Reaction, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin & New York, 296 (1984)
Lu X, Zhang MQ, Rong MZ, Shi G, Yang GC, Polym. Compos., 23, 624 (2002)
Silverstein RM, Bassler GC, Morril TC, Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compound, 5th edn., John Wiley, New York (1991)
Klemm D, Heublein B, Fink HP, Bohn A, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 44, 3358 (2005)
de Menezes AJ, Pasquini D, Curvelo AAD, Gandini A, Carbohyd. Polym., 76, 437 (2009)

[Related Articles]

[1] Hassan ML, El-Wakil NA, Sefain MZ, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 79(11), 1965 (2001)

[2] de Menezes AJ, Pasquini D, Curvelo AAS, Gandini A, Biomacromolecules, 8(7), 2047 (2007)

[3] Yan CH, Zhang JM, Lv YX, Yu J, Wu J, Zhang J, He JS, Biomacromolecules, 10(8), 2013 (2009)

[4] Park JY, Han SW, Lee LH, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 13, 101 (2007)

[5] Raj RG, Kokta BV, Maldas D, Daneault C, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 37, 1089 (1989)

[6] Morita M, Sakata I, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 31, 831 (1986)

[7] Nakano T, Holzforschung., 48, 318 (324)

[8] Shiraishi N, Wood and Cellulosic Chemisty, Marcel Dekker, New York, 861 (1991)

[9] Kalia S, Kaith BS, Kaur I, Polym. Eng. Sci., 49(7), 1253 (2009)

[10] Wang D, Shang SB, Song ZQ, Lee MK, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 16(1), 152 (2010)

[11] Shinji O, Mech. Mater., 40, 446 (2008)

[12] Pande H, Roy DN, Pulp Paper Can., 99, 31 (1998)

[13] Magurno A, Die Angew Makromol. Chem., 272, 99 (1999)

[14] Ramaswamy GN, Craft S, Wartelle L, Textile Res. J., 65, 765 (1995)

[15] Kawai KS, Ohnishi K, Okudaira Y, Zhang M, Proceedings of International kenaf Symposium 2000, 144 (2000)

[16] Pereira R, Campana SP, Curvelo AAS, Gandini A, Cellulose., 4, 21 (1997)

[17] Hon DNS, Ou NH, J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem., 27, 2457 (1989)

[18] Lu X, Zhang MQ, Rong MZ, Shi G, Yang GC, Compos. Sci. Technol., 63, 177 (2003)

[19] Lu X, Zhang MQ, Rong MZ, Yue DL, Yang GC, Polym. Polym. Compos., 12, 297 (2004)

[20] Lu X, Zhang MQ, Rong MZ, Yue DL, Yang GC, Compos. Sci. Technol., 64, 1301 (2004)

[21] Han DL, Yan LF, Carbohyd. Polym., 79, 614 (2010)

[22] Fengel D, Wegener G, Wood: Chemisty, Ultastructure, Reaction, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin & New York, 296 (1984)

[23] Lu X, Zhang MQ, Rong MZ, Shi G, Yang GC, Polym. Compos., 23, 624 (2002)

[24] Silverstein RM, Bassler GC, Morril TC, Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compound, 5th edn., John Wiley, New York (1991)

[25] Klemm D, Heublein B, Fink HP, Bohn A, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 44, 3358 (2005)

[26] de Menezes AJ, Pasquini D, Curvelo AAD, Gandini A, Carbohyd. Polym., 76, 437 (2009)