화학공학소재연구정보센터
홈 로그인 로그아웃 연락처 사이트맵
Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.12, No.2, 184-198, March, 2006
Export Citation
Advances in Electrorheological Fluids based on Inorganic Dielectric Materials
X. P. Zhao†, and J. B. Yin
  • Institute of Electrorheological Technology, Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
E-mail:
Electrorheological (ER) fluid is a smart suspension, whose structures and rheological properties can be tuned by an external electric field. This simple transformation from electric to mechanical force makes ER fluid potential use in active control of conventional and intelligent devices. Due to insufficient perfomance of ER materials, researches on high active ER materials for practical tehnical applications have been contin-uously carried out. In recent years, there has been considerable progress made in developing more efficient ER materials ranged from organics to inoganic to composite. In this paper, we briefly introduce ER mechanisms and review on the recent progress in inorganics related ER materials. Two systems including pure inorganic phase and nanocomposite are specialy discussed.
Keywords:electrorheological fluid;dielectric particle;pure inorganic phase;nanocomposite
  1. Block H, Kelly JP, J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys., 21, 1661 (1988)
  2. Minagawa K, Koyama K, Curr. Org. Chem., 9, 1643 (2005) 
  3. Yang IK, Shine AD, J. Rheol., 36, 1079 (1992)
  4. Tse KL, Shine AD, Macromolecules, 33(8), 3134 (2000)
  5. Inoue A, Maniwa S, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 55(1), 113 (1995)
  6. Halsey TC, Science, 258, 761 (1992)
  7. Hao T, Adv. Mater., 13, 1847 (2001)
  8. Winslow WM, US Patent,2417850 (1947)
  9. Winslow WM, J. Appl. Phys., 20, 1137 (1949)
  10. Parthasarathy M, Klingenberg DJ, Mater. Sci. Eng. R-Rep., 17, 57 (1996)
  11. Couter SP, Weiss KD, Carlson JD, J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct., 4, 248 (1993)
  12. Koyama K, J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct., 9, 621 (1999)
  13. Proc. of the 6th Int. Conf. on Electrorheological fluids and Magnetorheological suspensions and their applications ed by M. Nakano and K. Koyama (World scientific, Singapore, 1998)
  14. Proc. of the 7th Int. Conf. on Electrorheological fluids and Magnetorheological suspensions, ed by R. Tao (World scientific, Singapore, 2000)
  15. Proc. of the 8th Int. Conf. on Electrorheological fluids and Magnetorheological suspensions, ed by G. Bossis (World scientific, Singapore, 2002)
  16. Proc. of the 9th Int. Conf. on Electrorheological fluids and Magnetorheological suspensions, ed by K. Q. Lu, et al. (World scientific, Singapore, 2005)
  17. Fan JJ, Zhao XP, Gao XM, Cao CN, J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys., 35, 88 (2002)
  18. Zhao XP, Zhao Q, Gao XM, J. Appl. Phys., 93, 4309 (2004)
  19. Tang H, Zhao XP, J. Appl. Phys., 93, 4309 (2005)
  20. Klingenberg DJ, AIChE J., 47(2), 246 (2001)
  21. Carlson DJ, Proc. SPIE, Int. Soc. Opt. Eng., 5388, 348 (1994)
  22. Wen WJ, Huang XX, Yang SH, Lu KQ, Sheng P, Nat. Mater., 2, 727 (2003)
  23. Klass DL, Martinek TW, J. Appl. Phys., 38, 75 (1967)
  24. Strangroom JE, Phys. Tech., 14, 290 (1983) 
  25. Anderson RA, Proc. of the 3rd Int. Conf. on ER Fluids Mechanisms, Properties, Structure, Technology and Applications, ed. by R. Tao (World Scientific, Singapore, 1991) p.81
  26. Davis LC, J. Appl. Phys., 72, 1334 (1992)
  27. See H, Tamura H, Doi M, J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys., 26, 746 (1993)
  28. Felici N, Foulc JN, Atten P, Proc. of the 4th Int. Conf. on ER Fluids Mechanisms, Properties, Structure, Technology and Applications, ed. by R. Tao and G. D. Roy (World Scientific, Singapore, 1994) p.139
  29. Block H, Rattray P, Progress in Electrorheology, ed by K. O. Havelka and F. E. Filisko, (Plenum Press, New Yorkk, 1995) p.19
  30. Tao R, Sun JM, Phys. Rev. Lett., 67, 398 (1991)
  31. Chen T, Zitter RN, Tao R, Phys. Rev. Lett., 68, 6181 (1992)
  32. Ginder JM, Cecio SL, J. Rheol., 35, 211 (1995)
  33. Hao T, Appl. Phys. Lett., 70, 1956 (1997)
  34. Hao T, Kawai A, Ikazaki F, Proc. of the 6th Int. Conf. on ER and MR suspensions and their Applications ed. by M. Nakano and K. Koyama (World Scientific, Singapore, 1998) p.106
  35. Hao T, Kawai A, Ikazaki F, Langmuir, 14(5), 1256 (1998)
  36. Ikzaki F, Kawai A, Uchida K, Kawakami T, Edmura K, Sakurai K, Anzai H, Asako Y, J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys., 31, 336 (1998)
  37. Kawai A, Ide Y, Inoue A, Ikazaki F, J. Chem. Phys., 109(11), 4587 (1998)
  38. Felici N, Foulc JN, Atten P, Int. J. Mod. Phys. B, 13, 1775 (1999)
  39. See H, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 7, 1132 (2004)
  40. Ostubo Y, Sekine M, Katayama S, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 150, 324 (1992)
  41. Stangroom JE, UK Patent Specification 1570234 (1980)
  42. Kim SG, Kim JW, Jang WH, Choi HJ, Jhon MS, Polymer, 42(11), 5005 (2001)
  43. Stangroom JE, UK Pat., UK 1570234 (1980)
  44. Yin HB, Zhao XP, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 257(2), 228 (2003)
  45. Zhang YL, Ma Y, Lan Y, Lu K, Liu W, Appl. Phys. Lett., 73, 1326 (1998)
  46. Zhang YL, Lu KQ, Rao GH, Tian Y, Zhang SH, Liang JK, Appl. Phys. Lett., 80, 891 (2002)
  47. Block H, Kelly JP, GB. Patent 2170510 A (1985)
  48. Filisko FE, Radzilowski LH, J. Rheol., 34, 539 (1990)
  49. Wu SZ, Zeng F, Shen JU, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 67(12), 2077 (1998)
  50. Park DP, Sung JH, Kim CA, Choi HJ, Jhon MS, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 91(3), 1770 (2004)
  51. Sung JH, Choi HJ, Sohn JI, Jhon MS, Colloid Polym. Sci., 281, 1196 (2003)
  52. Gao ZW, Zhao XP, Polymer, 44(16), 4519 (2003)
  53. Gao ZW, Zhao XP, Polymer, 45, 1609 (2004)
  54. Sung JH, Park DP, Park BJ, Choi HJ, Jhon MS, Biomacromolecules, 6, 2182 (2005)
  55. Block H, Kelly JP, Qin A, Waston T, Langmuir, 6, 6 (1990)
  56. Gow CJ, Zukoski CF, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 136, 175 (1990)
  57. Goodwin JW, Markham GM, Vincent B, J. Phys. Chem. B, 101(11), 1961 (1997)
  58. Choi HJ, Cho MS, To K, Physica A, 254, 272 (1998)
  59. Trlica J, Sha P, Quadrat O, Stejskal J, Physica A, 283, 337 (2000)
  60. Sohn JI, Sung JH, Choi HJ, Jhon MS, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 84(13), 2397 (2002)
  61. Cho MS, Kim JW, Choi HJ, Jhon MS, Polym. Adv. Technol., 16, 352 (2005)
  62. Kim SG, Choi HJ, Jhon MS, Macromol. Chem. Phys., 202, 521 (2001)
  63. Choi HJ, Cho MS, Kim JW, Kim CA, Jhon MS, Appl. Phys. Lett., 78, 3806 (2001)
  64. Sung JH, Cho MS, Choi HJ, Jhon MS, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 10(7), 1217 (2004)
  65. Conrad H, Sprecher AF, Choi Y, Chen Y, J. Rheol., 35, 1393 (1991)
  66. Gamola DR, Schubring AW, Mueller BL, Filisko FE, J. Mater. Res., 11, 144 (1996)
  67. Boese H, Int. J. Mod. Phys. B, 13, 1878 (1999)
  68. Boese H, Trendler A, Proc. of the 7th Int. Conf. on Electrorheological Fluids and Magnetorheological Suspensions, ed. R. Tao, World Scientific, Singapore, p.44 (2000)
  69. Tian Y, Meng YG, Wen SZ, J. Appl. Phys., 90, 493 (2001)
  70. Xiang LQ, Zhao XP, J. Mater. Chem., 13, 1529 (2003)
  71. Sakurai R, See H, Saito T, J. Rheol., 40(3), 395 (1996)
  72. Choi HJ, Kim JW, Yoon SH, Fujiura R, Komatsu M, Jhon MS, J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 18(18), 1445 (1999)
  73. Filisko FE, Progress in Electrorheology, Ed by K. O. Havelka, F. E. Filisko (Plenum Press: New York, 1995) p.3
  74. Negita K, Osawa Y, Phys. Rev. E, 52, 1934 (1995)
  75. Komoda Y, Rao TN, Fujishima A, Langmuir, 13(6), 1371 (1997)
  76. Komoda Y, Sakai N, Rao TN, Tryk DA, Fujishima A, Langmuir, 14(5), 1081 (1998)
  77. Yin JB, Zhao XP, Chin. Phys. Lett., 18, 1144 (2001) 
  78. Yin JB, Zhao XP, J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys., 34, 2063 (2001)
  79. Zhao XP, Yin JB, Chem. Mater., 14, 2258 (2002)
  80. Ma SZ, Liao FH, Li SX, Xu MY, Li JR, J. Mater. Chem., 13, 3096 (2003)
  81. Yin JB, Zhao XP, Chem. Mater., 16, 321 (2004)
  82. Liu Y, Liao FH, Li JR, Zhang SH, Chen SM, Gao S, Scr. Mater., 54, 125 (2006)
  83. Liao FH, Zhang L, Li FR, Xu G, Li GB, Zhang SH, Gao S, J. Solid State Chem., 176, 273 (2003)
  84. Otsubo Y, Watanabe K, J. Soc. Rheol. Jp., 18, 111 (1990)
  85. Ostubo Y, Colloids Surf., 58, 73 (1991) 
  86. Miller DV, Randall CA, Bhalla AS, Newnham RE, Adair JH, Ferroelectr. Lett., 15, 114 (1993)
  87. Zukoski CF, Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci., 23, 45 (1993)
  88. Ginder JM, Cecio SL, J. Rheol., 35, 211 (1995)
  89. Rankin PJ, Klingenberg DJ, J. Rheol., 42(3), 639 (1998)
  90. Wen JW, Tam WY, Sheng P, J. Mater. Res., 13, 2783 (1998)
  91. Lan YC, Men SQ, Zhao XP, Lu KQ, Appl. Phys. Lett., 72, 653 (1998)
  92. Cutillas S, Bossis G, Lemaire E, Meunier A, Cebers A, Int. J. Mod. Phys. B, 13, 1791 (1999)
  93. Yin JB, Guan LT, Zhao XP, Prog. Nat. Sci., 12, 278 (2002)
  94. Yin JB, Zhao XP, J. Solid State Chem., 177, 3650 (2004)
  95. Fan JJ, Zhao XP, Huang M, Guan LT, Prog. Nat. Sci., 12, 1070 (2002)
  96. Zhao XP, Huang M, Wang BX, Yin JB, Cao CN, Smart Mater. Struct. (2006)
  97. Choi HJ, Cho MS, Kang KK, Ahn WS, Microporous Mesoporous Mater., 39, 19 (2000)
  98. Yin JB, Zhao XP, Chem. Mater., 14, 4633 (2002)
  99. Yin JB, Zhao XP, Chem. Phys. Lett., 398, 393 (2004)
  100. Kuramoto N, Yamazaki M, Nagai K, Koyama K, Tanaka K, Yatsuzuka K, Higashiyama Y, Thin Solid Films, 239(2), 169 (1994)
  101. KURAMOTO N, YAMAZAKI M, NAGAI K, KOYAMA K, TANAKA K, YATSUZUKA K, HIGASHIYAMA Y, Rheol. Acta, 34(3), 298 (1995)
  102. Tam WY, Yi GH, Wen W, Ma H, Loy MMT, Sheng P, Phys. Rev. Lett., 78, 2987 (1997)
  103. Sakurai R, See H, Saito T, Asai S, Sumita M, Rheol. Acta, 38(5), 478 (1999)
  104. Trlica J, Sha P, Quadrat O, Stejskal J, J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys., 33, 699 (2000)
  105. Luo CR, Tang H, Zhao XP, Int. J. Mod. Phys. B, 15, 672 (2001)
  106. Conrad H, Wu CW, Tang X, Proc. of the 6th Int. Conf. on ER fluid, MR suspensions and their Applications, ed. by M. Nakano and K. Koyama (World Scientific, Singapore, 1998) p.77
  107. Jun JB, Kim JW, Suh KD, Macromol. Chem. Phys., 203, 1011 (2002)
  108. Jun JB, Lee CH, Kim JW, Suh KD, J. Polym. Sci. B: Polym. Phys., 40(11), 1163 (2002)
  109. Cho MS, Cho YH, Choi HJ, Jhon MS, Langmuir, 19(14), 5875 (2003)
  110. Kim JW, Kim SG, Choi HJ, Jhon MS, Macromol. Rapid Commun., 20, 450 (1999)
  111. Kim BH, Jung JH, Hong SH, Joo J, Epstein AJ, Mizoguchi K, Kim JW, Choi HJ, Macromolecules, 35(4), 1419 (2002)
  112. Choi HJ, Kim JW, Joo J, Kim BH, Synth. Met., 121, 1325 (2001)
  113. Lu J, Zhao XP, J. Mater. Chem., 12, 2603 (2002)
  114. Lu J, Zhao XP, J. Mater. Res., 17, 1513 (2002)
  115. Lu J, Zhao XP, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 273(2), 651 (2004)
  116. Park JH, Lim YT, Park OO, Macromol. Rapid Commun., 22, 616 (2001)
  117. Kim JW, Liu F, Choi HJ, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 8(4), 399 (2002)
  118. Kim JW, Choi HJ, Jhon MS, Macromol. Symp., 155, 229 (2000)
  119. Xiang LQ, Zhao XP, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 296, 131 (2006)
  120. Wang BX, Zhao XP, J. Mater. Chem., 12, 1865 (2002)
  121. Wang BX, Zhao XP, J. Mater. Chem., 12, 2869 (2002)
  122. Wang BX, Zhao XP, Langmuir, 21, 655 (2005)
  123. Cho MS, Choi HJ, Ahn WS, Langmuir, 20(1), 202 (2004)
  124. Cho MS, Choi HJ, Kim KY, Ahn WS, Macromol. Rapid Commun., 23, 713 (2002)