Clean Technology, Vol.20, No.4, 390-397, December, 2014
하수슬러지 유동층 소각에서 유동매체가 N2O 발생에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구
A Study on the Effect of Fluidizing Media on the N2O Production in Fluidized Bed Incineration of Sewage Sludge
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초록
하수슬러지를 유동층 소각으로 처리할 때 유동매체가 N2O 발생에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. 유동매체로 zeolite 분말을 혼합하여 2 mm의 구형으로 제조하였다. 유동사의 평균크기 0.4 mm인 것을 유동매체로 사용할시 최소유동화속도(Umf)는 0.44m/s로 나타났으나, 2 mm zeolite 유동매체를 사용하였을 경우, 최소유동화속도는 0.5 m/s로 다소 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 유동층 소각로 내경에 대한 유동층 높이의 비(bed aspect ratio)를 1.4에서 3.1로 증가시켰을 때, 최소유동화속도는 0.5 m/s에서 0.7 m/s로 다소 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 과잉공기비가 1.79이고, 유동층 온도는 909 ℃, 공탑속도는 약 1.65 m/s의 운전 조건에서, 유동매체 양의 증가에 따라 배가스 O2 농도는 다소 감소하였으며, CO2의 농도는 다소 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 유동매체의 양이 6 kg (bed aspect ratio 1.98) 이상일 때 N2O의 농도가 크게 감소하였는데, 이러한 감소는 N2O의 NOx로 전환이라기보다는 zeolite 유동매체에 의한 N2O 분해 반응에 의한 것으로 사료되었다. 한편, zeolite 유동매체를 유동사와 혼합하여, 유동층 높이를 일정하게 유지하고, zeolite 유동매체의 혼합 비율과 유동층 온도를 변화시켰을 때, N2O의 발생농도는 혼합비율 보다 유동층 온도에 의해 크게 의존하였으며, 고온으로 갈수록 감소하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 소각 운전 온도를 고려하였을 때, zeolite 유동매체의 소성 온도는 900 ℃에서 수행하는 것이 효과적인 것으로 판단되었다.
This study was performed to investigate the effects of fluidizing media on N2O production in fluidized bed incineration of sewage sludge. The fluidized media were prepared in a form of 2 mm bead by mixing zeolite powders in our lab. Sand having 0.4 mm of the mean size showed 0.44 m/s of minimum fluidization velocity (Umf), while the prepared zeolite media 0.5 m/s. When the ratio of fluidizing media height to the inside diameter of the incinerator (bed aspect ratio) increased from 1.4 to 3.1, it was found that Umf of the zeolite media was varied from 0.5 m/s to 0.7 m/s. Under the operation conditions in 1.79 of excess air ratio, 909 ℃ of bed temperature and ca. 1.65 m/s of superficial velocity, as the weight of fluidizing meadia was increased, O2 concentration in the flue gas was slightly decreased, and CO2 increased. Above 6 kg of fluidizing media weight (1.98 of bed aspect ratio), it was observed that N2O concentration was significantly reduced, which might result from the decomposition of N2O on the zeolite media rather than transformation of N2O to NOx. On the other hand, in a variation of the zeolite media mixing ratio to
sand and bed temperature at a constant total bed height, significant difference was exhibited in N2O emission concentration according to the temperature. Considering the operation temperature in the incineration, the effective calcination temperature of the zeolite media was suggested to be around 900 ℃.
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